Many hypotheses attempt to explain parasite–host associations, but rarely are they
examined together in a single community. For hosts, key traits are the proportion of infected …

Background The role of zoos in conservation programmes has increased significantly in last
decades, and the health of captive animals is essential to guarantee success of such …

Background Blood parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa, Trypanosomatidae and
Filarioidea are widespread in birds and have been studied extensively. Microscopical …

Haemosporidian parasites belonging to Haemoproteus cause avian diseases, however,
vectors remain unidentified for the majority of described species. We used the laboratory …

Despite the ubiquity of disease seasonality, mechanisms behind the fluctuations in seasonal
diseases are still poorly understood. Avian hemosporidiosis is increasingly used as a model …

Avian blood parasites, from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon,
are predicted to alter their range and prevalence as global temperatures change, and host …

Avian haemosporidian parasites are widespread globally and infect numerous wild bird
species. However, they have primarily been studied in passerine birds. Accordingly, the …

Infectious diseases often vary seasonally in a predictable manner, and seasonality may be
responsible for geographical differences in prevalence. In temperate regions, vector-borne …

Abstract Background Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) species (Haemoproteidae) are
widespread blood parasites that can cause disease in birds, but information about their …

During their journeys, migratory birds encounter a wider range of parasites than residents,
transporting them over vast distances. While some parasites are widely distributed …