Our understanding of, and approach to, pulmonary arterial hypertension has undergone a
paradigm shift in the past decade. Once a condition thought to be dominated by increased …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by progressive
remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries, resulting in the loss of vascular cross-sectional …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling
of the precapillary pulmonary arteries, with excessive proliferation of vascular cells. Although …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a syndrome in which pulmonary arterial
obstruction increases pulmonary vascular resistance, which leads to right ventricular (RV) …

Ventricular septal defects account for up to 40% of all congenital cardiac malformations. The
diagnosis encompasses a broad range of anomalies, including isolated defects and those …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive
obliteration of small pulmonary arteries that leads to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure …

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont
Lung Center, with support of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the …

Rationale: C-kit+ cells, including bone marrow (BM)–derived progenitors and mast cells,
may participate in vascular remodelling. Because recent studies suggest that c-kit may be a …

• Introduction• Dynamics between endothelial injury and repair: the response to injury theory
'revisited'• Emerging biomarkers reflecting the dynamics between endothelial injury and …

Congenital heart disease is common, occurring in 8 of 1000 live births. 1 With the successes
in cardiothoracic surgery over the past 3 decades and the ongoing improvements in the …