The intranasal (IN-) administration of substances is attracting attention from scientists as well
as pharmaceutical companies. The effects are surprisingly fast and specific. The present …

Prion diseases range from being highly infectious, for example scrapie and CWD which
show facile transmission between susceptible individuals, to showing negligible horizontal …

Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are
accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory …

Background Definite diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in living patients
remains a challenge. A test that detects the specific marker for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease …

Despite the importance of the aberrant polymerization of Aβ in the early pathogenic cascade
of Alzheimer's disease, little is known about the induction of Aβ aggregation in vivo. Here we …

Soil behaves as a medium of biogeochemical transformations and fluxes and comprises
mineral, gaseous, liquid and biological components that have direct impacts on human …

Prions were initially discovered in studies of scrapie, a transmissible neurodegenerative
disease (ND) of sheep and goats thought to be caused by slow viruses. Once scrapie was …

Blood-borne transmission of infectious prions during the symptomatic and asymptomatic
stages of disease occurs for both human and animal transmissible spongiform …

Prion diseases affect a wide range of mammal species and are caused by a misfolded self-
propagating isoform (PrPSc) of the normal prion protein (PrPC). Distinct strains of prions …

Previous reports showed that brain Aβ amyloidosis can be induced in animal models by
exogenous administration of pre-formed aggregates. To date, only intra-peritoneal and intra …