Primary nonresponse and primary nonremission are important limitations of tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) antagonists, occurring in 10% to 40% and 50% to 80% of patients with …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production is amplified in several autoimmune disorders. In the
1990s, it became a validated therapeutic target used for the treatment of conditions such as …

The Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) components of the common fig fruit have been
demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and immunity-enhancing activities. However, it is …

The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the last two steps of purine
catabolism in the highest uricotelic primates. XOR is an enzyme with dehydrogenase activity …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the
gastrointestinal tract of unclear aetiology of which two major forms are Crohn's disease (CD) …

Standard of care (SOC; combination of 5–10 mg/kg and an interval every 6–8 weeks) dosing
of infliximab (IFX) is associated with significant loss of response. Dashboards using …

The cytokine TNF is a well known drug target for several inflammatory diseases such as
Crohn disease. Despite the great success of TNF blockers, therapy could be improved …

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires a personalized approach to
treat what is a heterogeneous group of patients with inherently variable disease courses. In …

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive immune mediated liver disease of unknown
origin. Key diagnostic features include hypergammaglobulinemia/elevated serum-IgG …

While there is growing awareness of a relationship between chromogranin-A (CHGA) and
susceptibility to inflammatory conditions, the role of human catestatin [(hCTS); CHGA352 …