Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

Macrophages are essential innate immune cells that contribute to host defense during
infection. An important feature of macrophages is their ability to respond to extracellular cues …

Leishmaniases are zoonotic vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the
genus Leishmania that affect millions of people around the globe. There are various clinical …

Leishmaniasis, a neglected parasitic disease caused by a unicellular protozoan of the
genus Leishmania, is transmitted through the bite of a female sandfly. The disease remains …

The infectious and parasitic diseases represent a major threat to public health and are
among the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The complex and divergent life cycles of …

Parasitic diseases still constitute a major global health problem affecting billions of people
around the world. These diseases are capable of becoming chronic and result in high …

Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the
genus Leishmania. Infection by different species of Leishmania results in various host …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a vector-borne disease, is caused by an obligate
intramacrophage, kinetoplastid protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Globally, VL is …

This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive outline of the immune response
displayed against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the more common zoonotic infection …

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease that is caused by the genus
Leishmania belonging to the trypanosomatid family. The protozoan parasite has a digenetic …