The burden of disease and death attributable to environmental pollution is becoming a
public health challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The kidney is …

The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased tremendously over
the past three decades with not less than 80% of people worldwide relying on them for some …

Abstract Aristolochia (馬兜鈴mădōu ling) is an important genus widely cultivated and had
long been known for their extensive use in traditional Chinese medicine. The genus has …

Chronic kidney disease is defined as a reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased urinary
albumin excretion, or both, and is an increasing public health issue. Prevalence is estimated …

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of naturally occurring compounds present in many plant
species of the Aristolochiaceae family. Exposure to AA is a significant risk factor for severe …

Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and
inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed …

Numerous adverse reactions have arisen following the use of inaccurately identified
medicinal plant ingredients, resulting in conditions such as aristolochic acid nephropathy …

Steam inhalation is traditionally used as a home remedy for common colds and upper
respiratory tract infections. The evidence base of the practice is weak, with unproven …

On April 14, 2020, a Chinese official announced at a press conference that indications of
three patent herbal drugs were approved to be expanded to include COVID-19 symptoms. 1 …

Background Chinese-herb nephropathy is a progressive form of renal fibrosis that develops
in some patients who take weight-reducing pills containing Chinese herbs. Because of a …