Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …

Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and
distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to …

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest areas of permafrost terrain in the mid-and low-
latitude regions of the world. Some permafrost distribution maps have been compiled but …

The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a
range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current …

Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed across most of
the Asian region over the past century (high confidence).{24.3} Increasing numbers of warm …

Monitoring the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) is important in many environmental science
and engineering applications. However, such data are generally unavailable, mainly due to …

Permafrost underlies much of Earth's surface and interacts with climate, eco-systems and
human systems. It is a complex phenomenon controlled by climate and (sub-) surface …

The comprehensive understanding of the occurred changes of permafrost, including the
changes of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active layer thickness (ALT), on …

Brown, J., O. Ferrians Jr., J. Heginbottom, and E. Melnikov, 1998: Circum-Arctic map of
permafrost and ground-ice conditions. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO …

Over the next century, near‐surface permafrost across the circumpolar Arctic is expected to
degrade significantly, particularly for land areas south of 70° N. This is likely to cause …