In response to uncertain risks, prey may rely on neophobic phenotypes to reduce the costs
associated with the lack of information regarding local conditions. Neophobia has been …

When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information
in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (eg, social and personal …

Due to its unforgiving nature, predation pressure exerts strong selection pressure on the
behaviour of prey animals. As a result, prey are forced to balance the conflicting demands of …

Prey use reliable public information in order to assess local habitat conditions such as
predation risks, competitive interactions, and foraging opportunities (Dall et al. 2005) …

Neophobic predator avoidance (NPA), the fear response exhibited by prey animals exposed
to novel stimuli, is a plastic trait thought to be induced by exposure to elevated chronic risk of …

Prey can greatly improve their odds of surviving predator encounters by eavesdropping on
conspecific risk cues, but the reliability of these cues depends on both previous accuracy as …

Simple Summary Animals monitor their environment (vigilance) to detect predators and keep
an eye on conspecifics. Once a change has been detected, vigilance generally increased to …

Highlights•Neophobia is a phenotypically plastic response by prey to uncertain
risk.•Elevated mean predation risk and predictability of risk should drive neophobia.•We …

In ecology, the refuge protection of the prey plays a significant role in the dynamics of the
interactions between prey and predator. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a non …

Background The emotion of fear bears a survival significance enabling animals to be highly
vigilant in contexts of uncertainty. Expectedly, not all information available in the …