Biochar is highly valuable in various applications due to its unique physicochemical
properties such as high thermal efficiency, high surface area, surface functional groups, and …

Biofuel policies are currently being implemented globally to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. The recent European regulation, Renewable Energy Directive (RED) II, states …

Enzymatic conversion of biodiesel was performed by using co-immobilized lipases. The
surface modification of activated carbon (AC) was carried out to improve the stability and …

Biorefinery, which utilizes carbon-neutral biomass as a resource, is attracting attention as a
significant alternative in a modern society confronted with climate change. In this study …

Chestnut shells (CSs) are a high-carbohydrate food waste generated by bioindustries.
These are gaining popularity as promising biorefinery resources. In this study, we optimized …

Microalgae have been attracting attention as feedstock for biorefinery because they have
various advantages, such as carbon fixation, high growth rate and high energy yield. The …

In general, one-third of food produced worldwide is reported to be wasted during processing
or distribution, which is one of the major causes of environmental pollution. A biorefinery …

The present investigation evaluated Cogongrass as a prospective non-edible feedstock for
second-generation bioethanol. An innovative recycling-based strategy was employed to …

Bioethanol, a lignocellulosic biofuel, has increased energy sustainability and lessened the
environmental effects associated with energy production. Thysanolaena latifolia is a …

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is gaining attention as a carbon-neutral alternative to plant
cellulose, and as a means to prevent deforestation and achieve a carbon-neutral society …