Rationale Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first choice of treatment for
anxiety-like disorders. However, which aspects of anxiety are affected by SSRIs is not yet …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Natural musk (Moschus), derived naturally from
male musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Moschus sifanicus Przewalski, or Moschus …

Depression is partially caused by inflammation in the central nervous system. Early study
demonstrated that musk, glandular secretion from male musk deer, exerted an …

Incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ranges from 3 to 30% in individuals
exposed to traumatic events, with the highest prevalence in groups exposed to combat …

The pivotal characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are irreversible memory loss and
progressive cognitive decline, eventually causing death from brain failure. In the various …

Musk, the dried secretion from the musk sac gland which is located between the navel and
genitals of mature male musk deer, is utilized as oriental medicine in east Asia. It has been …

Background Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) was described to have antidepressant and
anxiolytic activities. Although the relationship between the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that usually damages
sensorimotor and autonomic functions. Signaling pathways can play a key role in the repair …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Moschus, first described in the Shennong's Classic of the
Materia medicine, is a scarce and precious animal medicine. Modern pharmacological …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction is one of the most important
mechanisms underlying depression. It seems that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors …