This review covers research on attitudes and attitude change published between 2010 and
2017. We characterize this period as one of significant progress toward an understanding of …

Self-talk is a key component of the sport psychology canon. Although self-talk has been
widely endorsed by athletes and coaches as a performance enhancement strategy, a …

When people experience negative events, they often try to understand their feelings to
improve the way they feel. Although engaging in this meaning-making process leads people …

Individuals often feel anxious in anticipation of tasks such as speaking in public or meeting
with a boss. I find that an overwhelming majority of people believe trying to calm down is the …

Does the language people use to refer to the self during introspection influence how they
think, feel, and behave under social stress? If so, do these effects extend to socially anxious …

Over a decade ago, Hardy (2006) published his literature review that contained a working
definition that has shaped subsequent studies about self-talk, contributing to the noticeable …

The experience of inner speech is a common one. Such a dialogue accompanies the
introspection of mental life and fulfills essential roles in human behavior, such as self …

Prior research indicates that psychological distance facilitates emotion regulation. Here, we
propose that the ability to transcend one's immersed perspective may be hidden in plain …

People often talk to themselves using the first‐person pronoun (I), but they also talk to
themselves as if they are speaking to someone else, using the second‐person pronoun …

Objectives The present study aimed to introduce the distinction between goal-directed and
undirected thoughts used in general psychology into the automatic self-talk paradigm used …