In addition to β-cell failure with inadequate insulin secretion, the crucial mechanism leading
to establishment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is the resistance of target cells to insulin, ie insulin …

Most ligands from the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily play very important roles in
the immune system, and particularly so in B lymphocyte biology. TNF ligands are essential …

Fatigue, a highly prevalent and distressing symptom during chemotherapy (CTX),
demonstrates diurnal and interindividual variability in severity. Little is known about the …

The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell
lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and secondary lymphoid …

Microbiota–host interaction has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. The
association between microbiota and host health is largely attributed to its influence on host …

Highlights•Cytokines promote the development, tissue imprinting and effector function of
ILCs.•Sustained cytokine signaling can change ILC fate.•ILCs also express receptors for …

Objectives Aiming to show that periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are
bidirectionally related and potentially linked by inflammatory cytokines, we searched for …

Crohn's disease (CD), a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by
impaired epithelial barrier functions and dysregulated mucosal immune responses. IL-22 …

Objective Current evidence highlights a link between insulin resistance (IR) and disease
activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting that insulin sensitivity can be improved by …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract executes a range of functions. GI response to invaders
constituting the immunomodulatory function of the gut is crucial to life. This function is mainly …