Glutathione (GSH), the main redox buffer, has long been recognized as a pivotal modulator
of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. It is also implicated in the resistance of …

Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to various molecular and nanoscale drugs, which
inevitably affects the drugs' therapeutic outcomes. Overexpression of glutathione (GSH) has …

Mammalian cells possess a multifaceted antioxidant enzyme system, which includes
superoxide dismutases, catalase, the peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin and the glutathione …

Glioblastoma patients have a poor prognosis mainly due to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance.
NRF2 is an important transcript factor involved in chemotherapy resistance due to its …

The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by ABCC1 was originally discovered as
a cause of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. However, it is now clear that MRP1 serves a …

Active drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-containing family of
proteins have a major impact on the pharmacological behavior of most of the drugs in use …

In tumor cell lines, multidrug resistance is often associated with an ATP-dependent decrease
in cellular drug accumulation which is attributed to the overexpression of certain ATP …

The human multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family currently has seven
members. The ability of several of these membrane proteins to transport a wide range of …

The glutathione (GSH) content of cancer cells is particularly relevant in regulating mutagenic
mechanisms, DNA synthesis, growth, and multidrug and radiation resistance. In malignant …

▪ Abstract The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of large proteins in
membranes and are able to transport a variety of compounds through membranes against …