Abstract Background Context The North American Spine Society's (NASS) Evidence-Based
Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar …

We present a two-part review article on the current state of knowledge of lumbar facet joint
pathology. This first article discusses the functional anatomy, biomechanics, and radiological …

The sagittal orientation and osteoarthritis of facet joints, paravertebral muscular dystrophy
and loss of ligament strength represent mechanical factors leading to degenerative …

The spinal pain, and expecially the low back pain (LBP), represents the second cause for a
medical consultation in primary care setting and a leading cause of disability worldwide [1] …

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have replaced
conventional radiography in the study of many spinal conditions, it is essential to know when …

Spine stability is the basic requirement to protect nervous structures and prevent the early
deterioration of spinal components. All bony and soft spinal components contribute to …

Purpose The term “segmental instability” of the lumbar spine is not clearly defined,
especially as it relates to degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and rotational translation …

Background context Patients with spinal stenosis with concomitant degenerative
spondylolisthesis (DS) and predominant back pain (PBP) have been shown to have inferior …

Background: Lumbar facet joints are a well recognized source of low back pain and referred
pain in the lower extremity in patients with chronic low back pain. Conventional clinical …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred investigation for most spinal diseases
and is increasingly requested for people with low back pain (LBP). However, determining …