Hypoxia is a condition always present in tumor environment owing to the fast growth of
tumor cells not supported by adequate blood supply. There is increasing evidence that …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional activators that function as master
regulators of oxygen homeostasis, which is disrupted in disorders affecting the circulatory …

Abstract Background: Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is an indispensable requirement of
eukaryotes. O2 concentration in cellular milieu is defined as normoxia (∼ 21% O2) …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

Adaptation of cancer cells to their microenvironment is an important driving force in the
clonal selection that leads to invasive and metastatic disease. O 2 concentrations are …

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a key role in the reprogramming of cancer
metabolism by activating transcription of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic …

Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …

Macrophages are present throughout the human body, constitute important immune effector
cells, and have variable roles in a great number of pathological, but also physiological …

Hypoxia and free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, can alter the
function and/or activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). Interplay …

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases are ubiquitous in malignant tumours and are
known to exert both pro-and anti-tumour effects. We summarize our current understanding of …