New attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and disease has
uncovered a previously unappreciated breadth of mechanisms by which females and males …

Interleukin-36 (IL-36) comprises to a cytokine family consisting of four isoforms IL-36α, IL-
36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36 Ra). These IL-36 cytokines, in turn, belong …

An optically tunable perfect light absorber as a refractive index (RI) metamaterial (MM)
nanobiosensor (NBS) is designed for sensing chemicals, monitoring the concentration of …

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that infects the peripheral and central
nervous systems. After primary infection in epithelial cells, HSV-1 spreads retrogradely to the …

The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The
dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory …

Innate immune responses play a major role in the control of herpes simplex virus (HSV)
infections, and a multiplicity of mechanisms have emerged as a result of human evolution to …

The oropharyngeal mucosa serves as a perpetual pathogen entry point and a critical site for
viral replication and spread. Here, we demonstrate that type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) …

Individual tissues have distinct antiviral properties garnered through various mechanisms,
including physical characteristics, tissue-resident immune cells and commensal organisms …

The protein encoded by the UL48 gene of alphaherpesviruses is named VP16 or alpha-
gene-transactivating factor (α-TIF). In the early stage of viral replication, VP16 is an important …

Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) is a serious and potentially life-
threatening disease, affecting both adults and newborns. Progress in understanding the …