Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and to protect
themselves, have developed a variety of chemical and physical defense mechanisms …

Sucrose metabolism plays pivotal roles in development, stress response, and yield
formation, mainly by generating a range of sugars as metabolites to fuel growth and …

Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection
from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall …

Plants show a rapid systemic response to a wide range of environmental stresses, where the
signals from the site of stimulus perception are transmitted to distal organs to elicit plant …

Background Soil salinity is a real challenge in nowadays crop production in many regions.
Various strategies have been applied to increase plant salinity tolerance. Salicylic acid (SA) …

Blast disease destroys up to 30% of the rice crop annually and threatens global food
security. The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae invades plant tissue with hyphae that …

In plants, communication and molecular exchanges between different cells and tissues are
dependent on the apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Symplastic molecular exchanges …

Plants respond to biotic stress by inducing a variety of responses, which not only protect
against the immediate diseases but also provide immunity from future infections. One …

The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet
plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for …