The relationship between chronic inflammation and neoplastic diseases is not fully
understood. The inflammatory microenvironment of a tumor is an intricate network that …

Oncolytic viruses are natural or genetically modified viral species that selectively infect and
kill neoplastic cells. Such an innate or exogenously conferred specificity has generated …

Adoptive cell therapy holds much promise in the treatment of cancer but results in solid
tumors have been modest. The notable exception is tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) …

This Special Issue focuses on the evolving role of immune modulatory cytokines, from their
initial use as monotherapeutic recombinant proteins to their more contemporaneous use as …

The foundation of modern vaccinology dates back to the 1790s, when the English physician
Edward Jenner uncovered the tremendous medical potential of prophylactic vaccination …

Therapeutic gene manipulation has been at the forefront of popular scientific discussion and
basic and clinical research for decades. Basic and clinical research applications of CRISPR …

Viruses are the most commonly used vectors for clinical gene therapy. The risk of
dissemination of a viral vector into the environment via excreta from the treated patient, a …

Historically, osteosarcoma has been a problematic metastatic disease, with 40–80% of
patients developing pulmonary metastasis after primary tumor resection. Recent treatment …

Cytokines can coordinate robust immune responses, holding great promise as therapeutics
against infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. In cancer treatment, numerous pro …

Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group of viruses
has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle. Modification or deletion …