Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are viruses infecting bacteria. With an estimated 1031
particles in the biosphere, phages outnumber bacteria by a factor of at least 10 and not …

Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses
(bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where …

The world is on the cusp of a post-antibiotic era, but researchers and medical doctors have
found a way forward—by looking back at how infections were treated before the advent of …

Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a
new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with …

Infection by a temperate phage can lead to death of the bacterial cell, but sometimes these
phages integrate into the bacterial chromosome, offering the potential for a more long …

The majority of the bacterial genome sequences deposited in the National Center for
Biotechnology Information database contain prophage sequences. Analysis of the …

The pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as
a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. Among the enterotoxic clostridia …

Recent examples of the use of bacteriophages in controlling bacterial infections are
presented, some of which show therapeutic promise. The therapeutic use of bacteriophages …

The incidence of foodborne infectious diseases is stable or has even increased in many
countries. Consequently, our awareness regarding hygiene measures in food production …

Most organisms on the planet have viruses that infect them. Viral infection may lead to cell
death, or to a symbiotic relationship where the genomes of both virus and host replicate …