Combining nuclear (nuDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers has improved the
power of molecular data to test phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses and has …

More than 230,000 known species representing 31 metazoan phyla populate the world's
oceans. Perhaps another 1,000,000 or more species remain to be discovered. There is …

Holobionts, consisting of a host and diverse microbial symbionts, function as distinct
biological entities anatomically, metabolically, immunologically, and developmentally …

DNA barcodes are widely used for identification and discovery of species. While such use
draws on information at the DNA level, the current amassment of ca. 4.7 million COI …

Although interactions between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes occurred during
diversification of many plants, the evolutionary conflicts due to cytonuclear interactions are …

Successful dispersal between populations leaves a genetic wake that can reveal historical
and contemporary patterns of connectivity. Genetic studies of differentiation in the sea …

Animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is commonly described as a small, circular molecule
that is conserved in size, gene content, and organization. Data collected in the last decade …

Most heritable information in eukaryotic cells is encoded in the nuclear genome, with
inheritance patterns following classic Mendelian segregation. Genomes residing in the …

Sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was traditionally considered to be
selectively neutral. However, an accumulating body of evidence indicates that this …

Many years of extensive studies of metazoan mitochondrial genomes have established
differences in gene arrangements and genetic codes as valuable phylogenetic markers …