The intensity of pain sensation exhibits marked day and night variations. Since the intensity
of pain perception is low during dark hours of the night when melatonin levels are high, this …

Objective The objective of the current article is to review the shared pathophysiological
mechanisms which may underlie the clinical association between headaches and sleep …

The beneficial effects of exercise for people with epilepsy, including reduction of seizure
susceptibility, improvement of quality of life, reduction of anxiety and depression, and better …

Sleep disorders are commonly found as comorbid problems in patients with migraine.
Indeed, there are likely to be numerous levels of interaction between migraine and sleep …

In recent years bench-based studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of headache
pathophysiology, while facilitating the development of new headache medicines. At present …

Objective To assess the efficacy of melatonin as a preventive therapy for hemicrania
continua in a larger population of patients than has previously been studied. Background …

OBJECTIVE Cystic lesions of the pineal gland are most often uncomplicated benign lesions
with typical MRI characteristics. The authors aimed to study pineal lesion characteristics on …

Purpose The pineal gland plays an important role in biological rhythms, circadian and
circannual variations, which are key aspects in several headache disorders. Overview …

Background Paeonia lactiflora (PL) was widely used for pain relief, but its effects on
migraine headaches remain unclear. Purpose The aim of the present study was to …

In this study, we examined the relationships between p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase
(MAPK) activation in the cuneate nucleus (CN) and behavioral hypersensitivity after chronic …