Cortical networks are composed of glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons and local
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that gate signal flow and sculpt network dynamics …

Surround modulation (SM) is a fundamental property of sensory neurons in many species
and sensory modalities. SM is the ability of stimuli in the surround of a neuron's receptive …

The response of cortical neurons to a sensory stimulus is modulated by the context. In the
visual cortex, for example, stimulation of a pyramidal cell's receptive-field surround can …

Driven by recent empirical studies, we offer a new understanding of the degrees of freedom
problem, and propose a refined concept of synergy as a neural organization that ensures a …

We can claim that we know what the visual system does once we can predict neural
responses to arbitrary stimuli, including those seen in nature. In the early visual system …

Synergy discusses a general problem in biology: The lack of an adequate language for
formulating biologically specific problems. Written for an inquisitive reader who is not …

In what regime does the cortical circuit operate? Our intracellular studies of surround
suppression in cat primary visual cortex (V1) provide strong evidence on this question …

The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain essentially
unknown. The GABA hypothesis proposes that reduced neuronal GABA concentration and …

A central question in visual neuroscience is what circuits generate the responses of neurons
in the primary visual cortex (V1). V1 neurons respond best to oriented stimuli of optimal size …

Ever since Hubel and Wiesel described orientation selectivity in the visual cortex, the
question of how precise selectivity emerges has been marked by considerable debate …