Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue

SC Gandevia - Physiological reviews, 2001 - journals.physiology.org
Muscle fatigue is an exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary muscle force. It may
arise not only because of peripheral changes at the level of the muscle, but also because …

Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion

S Rossignol, R Dubuc, JP Gossard - Physiological reviews, 2006 - journals.physiology.org
Locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program and
feedback mechanisms. The central program relies fundamentally on a genetically …

[PDF][PDF] Motor unit

CJ Heckman, RM Enoka - Comprehensive physiology, 2012 - drive.google.com
Movement is accomplished by the controlled activation of motor unit populations. Our
understanding of motor unit physiology has been derived from experimental work on the …

Synaptic control of motoneuronal excitability

JC Rekling, GD Funk, DA Bayliss… - Physiological …, 2000 - journals.physiology.org
Movement, the fundamental component of behavior and the principal extrinsic action of the
brain, is produced when skeletal muscles contract and relax in response to patterns of action …

The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity–from a basic science point of view

JB Nielsen, C Crone, H Hultborn - Acta physiologica, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Spasticity is a term, which was introduced to describe the velocity‐sensitive increased
resistance of a limb to manipulation in subjects with lesions of descending motor pathways …

Nonlinear input-output functions of motoneurons

MD Binder, RK Powers, CJ Heckman - Physiology, 2020 - journals.physiology.org
All movements are generated by the activation of motoneurons, and hence their input-output
properties define the final step in processing of all motor commands. A major challenge to …

Persistent inward currents in motoneuron dendrites: implications for motor output

CJ Heckman, MA Gorassini… - Muscle & Nerve: Official …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
The dendrites of motoneurons are not, as once thought, passive conduits for synaptic inputs.
Instead they have voltage‐dependent channels that provide the capacity to generate a very …

Estimates of persistent inward currents are reduced in upper limb motor units of older adults

AS Hassan, ME Fajardo, M Cummings… - The Journal of …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Ageing is a natural process causing alterations in the neuromuscular system, which
contributes to reduced quality of life. Motor unit (MU) contributes to weakness, but the …

Motoneuron excitability: the importance of neuromodulatory inputs

CJ Heckman, C Mottram, K Quinlan, R Theiss… - Clinical …, 2009 - Elsevier
The excitability of spinal motoneurons is both fundamental for motor behavior and essential
in diagnosis of neural disorders. There are two mechanisms for altering this excitability. The …

Persistent inward currents in spinal motoneurons and their influence on human motoneuron firing patterns

CJ Heckman, M Johnson, C Mottram… - The …, 2008 - journals.sagepub.com
Persistent inward currents (PICs) are present in many types of neurons and likely have
diverse functions. In spinal motoneurons, PICs are especially strong, primarily located in …