The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797), is a serious pest of
several crops, particularly maize and other cereals. It has long been known as a pest in the …

The chemical application is considered one of the most crucial methods for controlling insect
pests, especially in intensive farming practices. Owing to the chemical application, insect …

The egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is used for
biological control of lepidopteran pests, and it could be used for optimizing Integrated Pest …

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a major agricultural pest in
Americas, Africa and Asia. Egg masses are covered with scale layers and the various scale …

Egg batches of Spodoptera moths are protected by scales deposited by females around
and/or over eggs as a physical defense. These scales may affect the parasitism of some …

Biological control methods have been utilized worldwide for over a century, providing
sustainable control of multiple major agricultural pests (Heimpel & Mills 2017). Studies on …

Abstract The parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
is often released to manage lepidopteran pests in cotton crops. However, growers rely on …

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, is a serious maize pest in Southeast Asia,
responsible for substantial economic losses to the maize crop every year. To establish insect …

Possibilities to combine augmentative biological control using Trichogramma spp. egg
parasitoids and conservation biological control through habitat manipulation, for the …

BACKGROUND The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the egg parasitoid
Trichogramma dendrolimi can both contribute to biological control of the global fruit borer …