Modelled dietary scenarios often fail to reflect true dietary practice and do not account for
variation in the environmental burden of food due to sourcing and production methods. Here …

The concept of net-zero carbon emissions has emerged from physical climate science.
However, it is operationalized through social, political and economic systems. We identify …

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are
transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for …

As the global urban population is poised to grow by 2.5 billion over the next 30 y, urban land
conversions are expected to be an increasingly prominent driver of habitat and biodiversity …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

Agroecology is often considered as the ultimate and most comprehensive solution to the
many challenges of the agricultural and food system, also referred to as the agri-food …

Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the
rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species–the subset of alien …

Food systems that support healthy diets in sustainable, resilient, just, and equitable ways
can engender progress in eradicating poverty and malnutrition; protecting human rights; and …

Adaptation is increasing across all sectors globally. Yet, the effectiveness of adaptation is
inadequate, and examples of maladaptation are increasing. To reduce the risk of …

Biodiversity underlies ecosystem resilience, ecosystem function, sustainable economies,
and human well‐being. Understanding how biodiversity sustains ecosystems under …