Exotic animal anesthesia and analgesia have dramatically progressed over the past decade
and continue to do so as more research and technology develop. Technological …

The tremendous diversity in form, function, and mode of life existing across avian orders and
between wild and domesticated species, as well as variation that exists within any given …

Fowl are birds belonging to one of the 2 biological orders, the game fowl or land fowl
(Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). Studies of anatomic and molecular …

Objective To determine the cardiovascular effects of lidocaine infused intravenously (IV) in
broiler chickens. Study design Two phase study: Phase 1, randomized up-and-down study …

Cardiovascular Drugs in Avian, Small Mammal, and Reptile Medicine - Veterinary Clinics:
Exotic Animal Practice Skip to Main Content Skip to Main Menu Advertisement Veterinary …

Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus exacerbates vascular disarray in atherosclerosis by
damaging endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscles. It's a major contributor to deaths …

Background Avian anesthesia can be challenging due to birds' anatomical and
physiological peculiarities. Also, most drug doses and combinations used are empirical. The …

A supportive nutrition plan in birds should start by calculating the patient's daily energy
requirement. Enteral supportive nutrition is the most commonly used method and includes …

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between arterial pressure and
intraosseous (IO) pressure obtained by conventional IO needle in African grey parrots …

Different sites can be used for blood sampling in birds depending on their size, species, and
volume of blood required. The right jugular vein is preferentially used, but other sites include …