In the physiological condition, glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina.
However, excessive glutamate can be toxic to retinal neurons by overstimulation of the …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an ATP-dependent enzyme found in most species that
synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In brain, GS is exclusively located in …

Glaucoma is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide, characterized by
chronic and progressive neuronal loss. Reactive microglial cells have been recognized as a …

Transient retinal ischemia is a major complication of retinal degenerative diseases and
contributes to visual impairment and blindness. Evidences indicate that microglia-mediated …

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss
and optic nerve (ON) damage. Cumulative evidence suggests glial cell involvement in the …

Purpose In human patients and animal models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a gradual loss of
rod photoreceptors and decline in scotopic vision are the primary manifestations of the …

Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative condition of
the optic nerve, which might induce permanent vision loss. Currently, there are no effective …

Changes in memory performance are one of the main symptoms of normal aging. The
storage of similar experiences as different memories (ie. behavioral pattern separation) …

Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD), the main cause of blindness in
people above 50 years old, lacks effective treatments at the moment. We have developed a …

Purpose To investigate the inhibitory effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on retinal ischemia
reperfusion (I/R) injury using a rat model. Methods Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats …