Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the
liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver …

The liver can succumb to oxidant damage during the development of chronic liver diseases.
Despite their physiological relevance to hepatic homeostasis, excessive reactive …

The liver is an important metabolic and detoxification organ and hence demands a large
amount of energy, which is mainly produced by the mitochondria. Liver tissues of patients …

In alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),
there are abnormal accumulations of fat in the liver. This phenomenon may be related to …

Liver fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing response caused by chronic liver damage due
to a virus, autoimmune disorder, or drugs. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an essential …

The function of liver is highly dependent on mitochondria producing ATP for biosynthetic and
detoxifying properties. Accumulating evidence indicates that most hepatic disorders are …

Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in
many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis …

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction
of intrahepatic small bile ducts and the presence of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) …

Ethanol consumption triggers oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS)
through its metabolites. This process leads to steatosis and liver inflammation, which are …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous metabolic products and important cellular
signaling molecules that contribute to several biological functions. Pathophysiology arises …