In this article, I first provide an overview of the Neandertals by recounting their initial
discovery and subsequent interpretation by scientists and by discussing our current …

This paper reviews some of the main advances in our understanding of human evolution
over the last 1 million years, presenting a holistic overview of a field defined by …

A novel account of the evolution of language and the cognitive capacities on which
language depends. In From Signal to Symbol, Ronald Planer and Kim Sterelny propose a …

The destructive distillation of birch bark to produce tar has recently featured in debates about
the technological and cognitive abilities of Neandertals and modern humans. The abilities to …

Birch tar is the oldest synthetic substance made by early humans. The earliest such artefacts
are associated with Neanderthals. According to traditional interpretations, their study allows …

Here we explore variation and similarities in the two best-represented population groups
who lived during the Middle Stone Age and Middle Palaeolithic—the Neanderthals and …

The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a
population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between∼ …

This paper proposes that the distinctively human capacity for cumulative, adaptive, open-
ended cultural evolution came about through two temporally-distinct cognitive transitions …

Birch tar production by Neanderthals—used for hafting tools—has been interpreted as one
of the earliest manifestations of modern cultural behavior. This is because birch tar …

This comprehensive history of museums begins with the origins of collecting in prehistory
and traces the evolution of museums from grave goods to treasure troves, from the …