A record of the geomagnetic field on the ground sometimes shows smooth daily variations
on the order of a few tens of nano teslas. These daily variations, commonly known as Sq, are …

The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (TI) are characterized by perpetual variability as
integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and …

An exceptionally strong stationary planetary wave with Zonal Wavenumber 1 led to a
sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019 …

A likely VLF subionospheric signal effect related to seismic activity was first reported by
Hayakawa et al.[1996a, b] in association with the great Kobe earthquake. We have analyzed …

The subionospheric VLF Omega signal transmitted from Tsushima, Japan (geographic
coordinates: 34° 37′ N, 129° 27′ E) was continuously received at Inubo (35° 42′ N, 140° …

The zonal wave number 1 planetary wave of period near 6.5 days is a robust feature in the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region with prominent seasonal variability as …

Geopotential height measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder between 9‐and
97‐km altitudes during 2004–2018 are used to examine long‐period (3–20 days) wave …

This paper describes a simple method for characterizing global-scale waves in the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), such as tides and traveling planetary waves …

The diurnal and semidiurnal atmospheric tides are known to be of fundamental importance
in the formation of midlatitude sporadic E layers, acting through their vertical windshear …

Abstract Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the
Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) temperature …