IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-γ form a loop and have been thought to play a crucial role against
infectious viruses, which are the prototype of “intracellular” pathogens. In the last 10 years …

The human gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and EBV cause
important infections. As pathogenetic studies of the human infections are restricted, murine …

Trace amines such as tyramine, octopamine and β-phenylethylamine bind with high affinity
to the mammalian trace amine-associated receptor 1 (Taar1), potentially activating G …

In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular
mechanisms involved in the initial host responses to viral infections. Herpesviral infections …

Infection of the respiratory tract with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) can have severe clinical
complications, yet little is known of the immune mechanisms that control the replication and …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gammaherpesvirus (GHV) that causes acute
infection and establishes life-long latency. EBV is associated with the development of B-cell …

Abstract Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a natural rodent pathogen that has been
used as a model to study the pathogenesis of human gammaherpesviruses. Like other …

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the activation of innate immunity
in response to many viruses. We previously reported the implication of TLR2 in the …

Hemokinin 1 is encoded by preprotachykinin C (PPT-C) mRNA, and has been proposed as
a regulator of B and T cell lymphopoiesis. Here we demonstrate the expression of mouse …

Multiple receptors within the innate immune system have evolved to recognize nucleic acids
as signatures of viral infection. It is believed that this specificity is essential for viral detection …