Ecologists long have been aware that there is flux of energy and nutrients from riverine
systems to the surrounding terrestrial landscape and vice versa. Riparian ecotones are …

The evolution of hypogean fauna in general and hypogean fishes in particular has been
controversial. Explanations regarding the reduction or loss of phenotypic characters such as …

The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries.
The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves …

Notable progress in the biological sciences is occasionally made possible by the discovery
of a species that exhibits a specialized way of life, but nevertheless will thrive and breed in …

Behaviour is considered among the most important factors in colonising new habitats. While
population divergence in behaviour is well-documented, intraspecific variation in exploratory …

Aim Freshwater subterranean amphipods with low dispersal abilities are known from both
sides of the impermeable barrier, the Adriatic Sea. We tested the hypothesis that historical …

Recent studies suggest that many organisms actively colonize the subterranean
environment to avoid climatic stress, exploit new ecological opportunities and reduce …

From January to December 1999, the diet of Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) was
determined in a salt-water ecosystem, by analysing the feces of bats captured in mist nets …

As in every field of comparative biology, phylogeny provides an independent reference
system in studies on cave life evolution to test current theoretical proposals. Using …

Habitat selection is driven by many factors, but no one location is likely to be best for all
factors; thus, individuals are subject to trade-offs when selecting habitat. Caves provide a …