Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone that encodes multiple smaller peptide
hormones within its structure. These peptide hormones can be generated by cleavage of …

The hypothalamus is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that regulates an
organism's basic functions, such as homeostasis and reproduction. Several hypothalamic …

Summary Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) plays critical roles in both mitochondrial fusion and the
establishment of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. Hypothalamic ER …

Olfactory inputs help coordinate food appreciation and selection, but their role in systemic
physiology and energy balance is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that mice upon …

Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various
pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro …

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by a loss of paternally expressed genes in an
imprinted region of chromosome 15q. Among the canonical PWS phenotypes are …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and constitutes a major
cause of vision impairment and blindness in the world. DR has long been described …

Leptin resistance is induced via leptin signaling blockade by chronic overstimulation of the
leptin receptor and intracellular signaling defect or increased hypothalamic inflammation …

The hypothalamus is the central regulator of systemic energy homeostasis, and its
dysfunction can result in extreme body weight alterations. Insights into the complex cellular …

Leptin signaling blockade by chronic overstimulation of the leptin receptor or hypothalamic
pro-inflammatory responses due to elevated levels of saturated fatty acid can induce leptin …