Morphological and nanomechanical alteration of tungsten in extreme environments, like
those in edge localized modes in nuclear fusion environments, up to 46.3 GWm− 2 heat …

Tungsten is a promising material for the plasma-facing components of nuclear fusion
reactors due to its resistance to heat flux and plasma influence. However, a transient heating …

Tungsten is a candidate divertor material for many tokamak reactors and has potential to be
durable to high heat flux conditions. However, plasma-materials interaction and edge …

Considering that the plasma-facing materials (PFMs) would be affected by helium ion
irradiation, the influence of isochronal annealing at different temperatures on the irradiation …

Tungsten and tungsten carbide were damaged in ambient air with varying incident angles
(0, 30, 45, and 60 deg) for approximately 5000 shots. The goal of these experiments was to …

Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs) are preferred low-power systems for satellites because of
their simplicity and small dimensions. This article was carried out to discuss and calculate …

Power sources play an important role in the characteristics and the applications of the
electrothermal (ET) plasma as an edge localized mode (ELM) heat flux simulator. A …

Electrothermal (ET) plasma discharges are capillary discharges that ablate liner materials
and form partially ionized plasma. ET plasma discharges are generated by driving current …

A capillary-extended converging–diverging transition region was previously proposed to
allow for the flow and expansion of plasma into a large volume simulating aerosol …

Deposition of plasma energy during off-normal fusion reactor operational events delivers a
transient heat flux of up to 100 MJ/m 2 to the plasma-facing materials (PFMs). Understanding …