Specific chemical modifications of biological molecules are an efficient way of regulating
molecular function, and a plethora of downstream signalling pathways are influenced by the …

Abstract tRNAs are key adaptor molecules that decipher the genetic code during translation
of mRNAs in protein synthesis. In contrast to the traditional view of tRNAs as ubiquitously …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a central role in protein translation. Studying them has been
difficult in part because a simple method to simultaneously quantify their abundance and …

The emerging" epitranscriptomics" field is providing insights into the biological and
pathological roles of different RNA modifications. The RNA methyltransferase METTL1 …

The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

RNA modifications have been historically considered as fine-tuning chemo-structural
features of infrastructural RNAs, such as rRNAs, tRNAs, and snoRNAs. This view has …

Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes.
Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of …

Decoding the information in mRNA during protein synthesis relies on tRNA adaptors, the
abundance of which can affect the decoding rate and translation efficiency. To determine …

Summary tRNA is the most extensively modified RNA in cells. On average, a bacterial tRNA
contains 8 modifications per molecule and a eukaryotic tRNA contains 13 modifications per …

The epitranscriptome includes a diversity of RNA modifications that influence gene
expression. N3-methylcytidine (m3C) mainly occurs in the anticodon loop (position C32) of …