An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be
effective. However, quantifying the behaviour of wild animals presents significant …

Behavioural ecologists are increasingly using social network analysis to describe the social
organisation of animal populations and to test hypotheses. However, the statistical analysis …

The scientific study of networks-computer, social, and biological-has received an enormous
amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the …

Highlights•We review the mathematical formalism of multilayer networks for animal
behaviour.•It allows the investigation of new research questions in animal social …

Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation
in individual reproductive success. Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of …

Highlights•Indirect connections are heritable and predictors of fitness in some
species.•Some animals recognize and may strategically manipulate third-party …

Networks represent relationships between entities in many complex systems, spanning from
online social interactions to biological cell development and brain connectivity. In many …

In group-living species, individuals gain significant advantages from establishing an
extensive network of social relationships. This results in complex organizations that are …

Sociality exists in an extraordinary range of ecological settings. For individuals to accrue the
benefits associated with social interactions, they are required to maintain a degree of spatial …

Among nonhuman primates, the evolutionary underpinnings of variation in social structure
remain debated, with both ancestral relationships and adaptation to current conditions …