Oceanic motions with spatial scales of 200 m–20 km, called submesoscales, are ubiquitous
in the upper ocean and serve as a key intermediary between larger-scale balanced …

Underwater gliders are autonomous underwater vehicles that profile vertically by changing
their buoyancy and use wings to move horizontally. Gliders are useful for sustained …

Frontogenesis is the fluid-dynamical processes that rapidly sharpen horizontal density
gradients and their associated horizontal velocity shears. It is a positive feedback process …

Increased spatial resolution in recent observations and modeling has revealed a richness of
structure and processes on lateral scales of a kilometer in the upper ocean. Processes at …

Spiral eddies were first seen in the sunglitter on the Apollo Mission 30 years ago; they have
since been recorded on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and in the infrared. We …

A new compilation of Lagrangian velocity observations describes the state of the North
Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990s. Gridded fields of velocity and eddy kinetic …

Density fronts are ubiquitous features of the upper ocean. Here, numerical simulations show
that restratification at fronts inhibits vertical mixing, triggering phytoplankton blooms in low …

Observations from four towed profiler surveys undertaken between December 1994 and
October 1995 examine the seasonal and spatial variability of the upper ocean response to …

In this study, the influence of a geostrophically balanced horizontal density gradient on
turbulent convection in the ocean is examined using numerical simulations and a theoretical …

Establishment of the temperature-salinity relationship in the ocean has concerned
oceanographers for decades because of its importance for understanding ocean circulation …