Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.
4.4 b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996
lineage (GsGd), which threaten the health of poultry, wildlife and humans, are spreading …

We detected Eurasian-origin highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus belonging to
the Gs/GD lineage, clade 2.3. 4.4 b, in wild waterfowl in 2 Atlantic coastal states in the United …

The diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) is primarily hosted by two highly divergent avian
orders: Anseriformes (ducks, swans and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns and …

Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) that possess the clade 2.3. 4.4
HA gene have been identified in wild birds and poultry since late 2014 in both Europe and …

Phylogenetic network analysis and understanding of waterfowl migration patterns suggest
that the Eurasian H5N8 clade 2.3. 4.4 avian influenza virus emerged in late 2013 in China …

From 2016 to 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses circulated in Asia,
Europe, and Africa, causing waves of infections and the deaths of millions of wild and …

During 2021 and 2022 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) killed thousands of wild
birds across Europe and North America, suggesting a change in infection dynamics and a …

Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The
mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate endemically among many wild aquatic bird populations
that seasonally migrate between wintering grounds in southern latitudes to breeding ranges …