Simple Summary Scientists use animal models to study the mechanisms of human diseases
and find new drugs to treat them. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress is the best animal …

Exposure to certain acute and chronic stressors results in an immediate behavioral and
physiological response to the situation followed by a period of days when cross-sensitization …

Eight standard inbred mouse strains were evaluated for ethanol effects on a refined battery
of behavioral tests in a study that was originally designed to assess the influence of rat odors …

Animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder are useful tools to reveal the neurobiological
basis of the vulnerability to traumatic events, and to develop new treatment strategies, as …

Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients show cognitive deficits, but it is unclear
whether these are a consequence of the pathology or a pre‐existing factor of vulnerability to …

In recent years, special attention is being paid to sex differences in susceptibility to disease.
In this regard, there is evidence that male rats present higher levels of both cued and …

Prey animals such as rats display innate defensive responses when exposed to the odor of
a predator, providing a valuable means of studying the neurobiology of anxiety. While the …

Engineered small graphene oxide (s-GO) sheets were previously shown to reversibly down-
regulate glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of juvenile rats, disclosing an …

The new-released Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a “trauma and stressor-related disorder”. PTSD …