Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely infectious viral infection of cloven-hoofed
animals which is highly challenging to control and can give rise to national animal health …

Animal herds can contract infectious disease from outside or within a region. Even if
biosecurity efforts reduce the risk of external infection, a herd may remain at risk from intra …

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and
Asia1 is frequent. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass …

Objective: Animal trade has an important role in the economy but in contrast, it causes the
spread of infectious diseases overall the world, in particular, the trans-boundary animal …

Animal welfare has long been recognised as central to the role of the veterinary
professional, but this is increasingly aligned with the welfare of humans and the broader …

Superinfection of cattle persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with
a heterologous FMDV strain has been shown to generate novel recombinant viruses. In this …

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically important livestock viral
diseases in the world. The disease is transmitted either directly or indirectly through contact …

The 2001 UK foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic marked a change in global FMD
management, focusing less on trade isolation than on biosecurity within countries where …

The integrins function as the primary receptor molecules for the pathogenic infection of foot-
and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vivo, while the acquisition of a high affinity for heparan …

Egypt is one of the countries threaten with foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) that attacks
animals every year. The introduction of new topotypes/lineages of the existing FMD viruses …