The Earth's history is punctuated by large explosive eruptions that eject large quantities of
magma and silicate rock fragments into the atmosphere. These tephra particles can …

The ash material produced by volcanic eruptions carries important information about the
underground magma eruptive conditions and subsequent modifications in the volcanic …

Uncertainty in the physicochemical and optical properties of volcanic ash particles creates
errors in the detection and modeling of volcanic ash clouds and in quantification of their …

Volcanic emissions consist of a mixture of gases, aerosol, and silicate particles, which
collectively span seven orders of magnitude in size. Airborne ash and sulfate aerosol in the …

The May 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, provided a rare opportunity to measure
the long-range transport of volcanic emissions and characteristics of a widely-dispersed …

Iron deposition influences primary production and oceanic sequestration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2). Iron has two oxidation states, Fe (II) and Fe (III), with Fe (II) being …

Recently, it has been proposed that anthropogenic CO 2 emissions may affect marine
ecosystems by causing ocean acidification. In particular, it is suggested that within acidified …

Abstract The 7–8 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Island volcano blanketed the island in
newly generated pyroclastic deposits and deposited ash into the ocean and onto nearby …

Iron and aluminium are the two most abundant metals on the Earth's crust, but they display
quite different biogeochemical properties. While iron is essential to many biological …

Volcanic volatile species are scavenged by silicate ash during transition through eruption
plumes. Scavenging may form S, F and Cl salts and acids on ash surfaces, though the …