Background: Ensuring the strength of the physician workforce is essential to optimizing
patient care. Challenges that undermine the profession include inequities in advancement …

Women in medicine have made progress since Elizabeth Blackwell: the first women to
receive her medical degree in the United States in 1849. Yet although women currently …

Importance Women are less likely to be promoted and hold leadership positions in
academic medicine. How often academic articles are cited is a key measure of scholarly …

Importance Previous studies have shown that medical student mistreatment is common.
However, few data exist to date describing how the prevalence of medical student …

Importance The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a validated tool used to measure implicit
biases, which are mental associations shaped by one's environment that influence …

Methods| In this cross-sectional study, we identified 1 major physician-focused medical
society for each of the 43 specialty groupings listed in the 2016 Physician Specialty Data …

Gender bias and discrimination have profound and far-reaching effects on the health care
workforce, delivery of patient care, and advancement of science and are antithetical to the …

Background There are a number of factors that may hinder women's surgical careers. Here,
we focus on one possible factor: the representation of women at surgical conferences …

Women are under-represented as leaders of cardiovascular randomized controlled trials,
representing 1 in 10 lead authors of cardiovascular trials published in high-impact journals …

Importance Most pediatricians are women; however, women pediatricians are
underrepresented in academic leadership positions such as department chairs and journal …