More than 4 decades of research and 9 meta-analyses have focused on the undermining
effect: namely, the debate over whether the provision of extrinsic incentives erodes intrinsic …

This article reviews evidence for considering job satisfaction at the group level of analysis.
Group-level job satisfaction is functionally independent of individual-level job satisfaction …

This paper unpacks two underspecified facets of collaboration: cooperation and
coordination. Prior research has emphasized cooperation, specifically partners' commitment …

This article reports the principal findings of over 200 studies of work motivation published
between January 1990 and December 1997. We examined research relevant to seven …

Social loafing was investigated by testing a multilevel model among 23 intact work groups
comprised of 168 employees representing two organizations. Results demonstrated that as …

Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning has been shown to greatly enhance
learning, but is often criticized for hindering learners' agency and thus undermining learners' …

Shirking, social loafing, and free riding are concepts that have guided the recent study of
how much effort employees provide on the job. Although researchers have generally treated …

This study examined organizational citizenship of residents in a housing cooperative setting
where roles were not influenced by traditional employee–employer work relationships …

This paper presents two studies investigating the influence of social perceptions (perceived
loafing, collective efficacy, and cohesion) on group goal processes (difficulty and …

Social loafing is the decline in member effort that often occurs in groups. This paper
discusses factors that may contribute to social loafing, and proposes a model integrating …