Plant beneficial microorganisms improve the health and growth of the associated plants.
Application of beneficial microbes triggers an enhanced resistance state, also termed as …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self-and non-
self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular …

NPR1 is a master regulator of the defence transcriptome induced by the plant immune signal
salicylic acid,,–. Despite the important role of NPR1 in plant immunity,–, understanding of its …

Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as
an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How …

Numerous harmful microorganisms and insect pests have the ability to cause plant
infections or damage, which is mostly controlled by toxic chemical agents. These chemical …

In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death,
which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the …

Highlights•Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone with critical roles in PTI, ETI and
SAR.•Induction of SA synthesis is orchestrated via complex transcriptional regulation of …

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of
diverse molecules that are induced by phytopathogens as well as defense related signaling …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone required for immunity. Arabidopsis NPR1 and
NPR3/NPR4 were previously shown to bind SA and all three proteins were proposed as SA …