In Japan, despite its popularity in natural science and philosophy, Inference to the Best Explanation is generally considered as an argument for scientific realism rather than as a …
抄録 Contemporary evolutionary biology has used various statistical methods for collecting and analyzing data. Here methods for estimating phylogenetic trees are reviewed in the …
抄録 The purpose of this research is to quantitatively express the differences in business models. As a method, a phylogenetic tree-based approach, which is often used in biological …
抄録 Several modern studies have treated the ulamā as quasi-bureaucrats, influential urban elites, distinguished families, etc. However, I attempt to consider them mainly as professional …
We argue the theorem of ugly duck by S. Watanabe to think about the affmity, so that the multivariate analyses, especially Hayashi's quantification methods, are discussed. The …