Over the recent years, much has been unraveled about the pro-inflammatory properties of
various mitochondrial molecules once they are leaving the mitochondrial compartment. On …

Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) recognize bacterial and mitochondrial formylated peptides
as well as endogenous non-formylated peptides and even lipids. FPRs are expressed on …

Summary Mitochondrial 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-THF) is utilized by three
mitochondrial enzymes to produce formate for nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for antioxidant …

A growing literature indicates that mitochondria are key participants in innate immune
pathways, functioning as both signaling platforms and contributing to effector responses. In …

Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts derived from bacteria. Thus, they bear
molecules, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that contains CpG DNA repeats and N …

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Multiple trauma or
isolated traumatic brain injury are both indicative of human tissue damage. In the early …

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a non-specific exaggerated defense
response caused by infectious or non-infectious stressors such as trauma, burn, surgery …

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family
and are well known as chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that …

Mitochondria are key organelles of cellular energy metabolism; both mitochondrial function
and metabolism determine the physiological function of cells and serve an essential role in …

Objectives Literature suggests that neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are
primed to respond to N-formyl methionine group (formylated peptides). Animal models …