Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;
however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of …

The control of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pools is of great significance due
to the non-negligible toxicity and widespread existence of DBPs. However, the management …

Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) is a prevalently used disinfectant alternative to chlorine, due to its
effectiveness in pathogen inactivation and low yields of organic halogenated disinfection …

Public health requires disinfection of swimming pool water for prevention of waterborne
disease; however, it inevitably results in formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) …

Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process used to inactivate pathogens and
prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases in swimming pools. However, toxic disinfection …

Drinking water utilities are interested in upgrading their treatment facilities to enhance
micropollutant removal and byproduct control. Pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) …

The disinfection by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a major concern in water
quality management due to its carcinogenicity. Thus, a proper pretreatment is necessary to …

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pool waters are receiving increasing attention
because of their toxicity and widespread occurrence. Current studies rarely investigate the …

As the most effective disinfectant, the safe-use of ClO 2 is based on proper concentrations. A
big challenge in the determination of ClO 2 lies in reusability owing to its strong oxidative …

During the last few decades, focus on measures for energy conservation in buildings has
increased considerably. The European Commission implemented the Energy Performance …