Mobile payments makeup one of the fastest-growing mobile services available today and
are widely used by smartphones for utility payments, bill payments, and online shopping …

This paper proposes a secure offline electronic (e-) payment scheme by adopting Schnorr's
untraceable blind signature (BS). Thereby, to satisfy the essential security requirements of e …

This paper proposes a new offline electronic payment (e-payment) system that satisfies the
major security requirements of e-payment, ie anonymity, unlinkability, unforgeability, double …

People are increasingly experiencing changes due to technological developments, such as
those in payment methods using e-money. However, technological uncertainty still remains …

In a popular electronic cash scheme, there are three participants: the bank, the customer,
and the merchant. First, a customer opens an account in a bank. Then, he withdraws an e …

Recently, Fan et al. proposed a novel e-cash scheme which allows a user to recover the e-
cash he lost. They claimed their e-cash possesses properties of anonymity, unlinkability (ie …

A simple and transparent mobile e-cash system with observers is presented. Observers are
cryptographic bank chips inserted in customer's payment device, eg smart phone. System …

Electronic cash (e‐cash) is definitely one of the most popular research topics in the e‐
commerce field. It is very important that e‐cash be able to hold the anonymity and accuracy …

In 2013, Baseri et al. proposed an untraceable off-line electronic cash scheme from the RSA
cryptosystem. They used a method that injects the expiration date and the spenders identity …

In the world of internet, e-commerce is one of the most prominent sectors where user wants
to shop and pay online for online products. E-cash is one of these payment methods. In e …