Aquaculture is one of the most efficient modes of animal protein production and plays an
important role in global food security. Aquaculture animals exhibit extraordinarily diverse …

Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because
individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially …

Prevailing models of sex-chromosome evolution were largely inspired by the stable and
highly differentiated XY pairs of model organisms, such as those of mammals and flies …

Karyotypes are generally conserved between closely related species and large
chromosome rearrangements typically have negative fitness consequences in …

Genetic degeneration is an extraordinary feature of sex chromosomes, with the loss of
functions of Y-linked genes in species with XY systems, and W-linked genes in ZW systems …

The attention given to heteromorphism and genetic degeneration of “classical sex
chromosomes”(Y chromosomes in XY systems, and the W in ZW systems that were studied …

The rateof divergence for Z or X chromosomes is usually observed to be greater than
autosomes, but the proposed evolutionary causes for this pattern vary, as do empirical …