Our brains consist of 80% water, which is continuously shifted between different
compartments and cell types during physiological and pathophysiological processes …

Advancements in molecular biology have led to a greater understanding of the individual
proteins responsible for generating cerebral edema. In large part, the study of cerebral …

The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small, integral membrane proteins that facilitate water
transport across the plasma membranes of cells in response to osmotic gradients. Data from …

Intestinal glucose absorption comprises two components. One is classical active absorption
mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. The other is a diffusive component, formerly …

Large water fluxes continuously take place between the different compartments of the brain
as well as between the brain parenchyma and the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. This water …

Transport through lipids and aquaporins is osmotic and entirely driven by the difference in
osmotic pressure. Water transport in cotransporters and uniporters is different: Water can be …

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest collection of structurally related
membrane proteins that transport a wide array of substrates. The proton-coupled sugar …

Three aquaporins are expressed in the brain. AQP4, the predominant brain water channel,
is expressed in astrocyte endfeet facing brain capillaries, perisynaptic spaces, and nodes of …

Water transport by the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) was studied in confluent
cultures of pigmented epithelial (PE) cells from the ciliary body of the fetal human eye …

Membrane transporters rely on highly coordinated structural transitions between major
conformational states for their function, to prevent simultaneous access of the substrate …